Analytical Causes of Indonesia Low-Quality Education System Based on PISA

Abstract

PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) is a program initiated by OECD member countries, including Indonesia since 2000. PISA data has influenced education systems worldwide, including Indonesia's curriculum adjustment policy. However, Indonesia's PISA results have consistently been below the world average for the past 20 years. This study aims to identify factors contributing to this low achievement. A literature study was conducted by reviewing books, articles, reports, and other sources
related to education quality and PISA results. The data obtained were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that factors such as teacher quality, curriculum burden, teacher administrative burden, and issues with educational levels contribute to the
low scientific literacy of students. These findings can serve as input for improving the curriculum and its implementation, addressing challenges such as improving teacher quality, addressing curriculum burden, and streamlining administrative processes.